Compiler Invocation
C benchmarks
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- pgcc
![[user]](http://www.spec.org/auto/cpu2006/flags/user.png)
- CC, LD
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The PGI C compiler for Linux.
C++ benchmarks
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- pgcpp
- CXX, LD
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The PGI C++ compiler for Linux.
The PGI C compiler for Linux.
The PGI C++ compiler for Linux.
![[suite]](http://www.spec.org/auto/cpu2006/flags/suite.png)
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
![[benchmark]](http://www.spec.org/auto/cpu2006/flags/benchmark.png)
This macro indicates that the benchmark is being compiled on an AMD64-compatible system running the Linux operating system.
This macro specifies that the target system uses the LP64 data model; specifically, that integers are 32 bits, while longs and pointers are 64 bits.
SPEC_CPU_LP64 defines the number of bytes in type long
Portability changes for Linux
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
This macro indicates that the target system is little-endian.
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
This flag can be set for SPEC compilation for LINUX using default compiler.
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
This macro indicates that the benchmark is being compiled on an AMD64-compatible system running the Linux operating system.
This macro specifies that the target system uses the LP64 data model; specifically, that integers are 32 bits, while longs and pointers are 64 bits.
Portability changes for Linux
This option is used to indicate that the host system's integers are 32-bits wide, and longs and pointers are 64-bits wide. Not all benchmarks recognize this macro, but the preferred practice for data model selection applies the flags to all benchmarks; this flag description is a placeholder for those benchmarks that do not recognize this macro.
This macro indicates that the target system is little-endian.
This flag can be set for SPEC compilation for LINUX using default compiler.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Generate zero-overhead C++ exception handlers.
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Generate profile-feedback instrumentation (PFI); this includes extra code to collect run-time statistics and dump them to a trace file for use in a subsequent compilation. PFI gathers information about a program's execution and data values but does not gather information from hardware performance counters. PFI does gather data for optimizations which are unique to profile-feedback optimization.
Enable profile-feedback optimizations.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Disable loop unrolling.
Disable automatic vector pipelining.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Use the prefetcht0 instruction.
Generate profile-feedback instrumentation (PFI); this includes extra code to collect run-time statistics and dump them to a trace file for use in a subsequent compilation. PFI gathers information about a program's execution and data values but does not gather information from hardware performance counters. PFI does gather data for optimizations which are unique to profile-feedback optimization.
The indirect sub-option enables collection of indirect function call targets, which can be used for indirect function call inlining.
Enable profile-feedback optimizations including indirect function call inlining. This option requires a pgfi.out file generated from a binary built with -Mpfi=indirect.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Disable loop unrolling.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Do not align doubles on double alignment boundaries
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Use the prefetcht0 instruction.
Generate profile-feedback instrumentation (PFI); this includes extra code to collect run-time statistics and dump them to a trace file for use in a subsequent compilation. PFI gathers information about a program's execution and data values but does not gather information from hardware performance counters. PFI does gather data for optimizations which are unique to profile-feedback optimization.
Enable profile-feedback optimizations.
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 32-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 1 levels where 1 is a supplied constant value. If no value is suppiled, then the default value of 2 is used. IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 32-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Generate profile-feedback instrumentation (PFI); this includes extra code to collect run-time statistics and dump them to a trace file for use in a subsequent compilation. PFI gathers information about a program's execution and data values but does not gather information from hardware performance counters. PFI does gather data for optimizations which are unique to profile-feedback optimization.
Enable profile-feedback optimizations.
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Disable automatic vector pipelining.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Use the prefetcht0 instruction.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Remove arguments replaced by -Mipa=ptr,const
Interprocedural Analysis option: Enable interprocedural constant propagation.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Enable pointer disambiguation across procedure calls.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Instructs the C/C++ compiler to override data dependencies between pointers of a given storage class.
"-Munroll=n:n" instructs the compiler to unroll loops 8 times where 8 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is given, then a default of 4 is used.
Instructs the vectorizer to generate partial vectorization.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Generate profile-feedback instrumentation (PFI); this includes extra code to collect run-time statistics and dump them to a trace file for use in a subsequent compilation. PFI gathers information about a program's execution and data values but does not gather information from hardware performance counters. PFI does gather data for optimizations which are unique to profile-feedback optimization.
Enable profile-feedback optimizations.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Do not remove arguments replaced by -Mipa=ptr,const
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 1 levels where 1 is a supplied constant value. If no value is suppiled, then the default value of 2 is used. IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Set the fetch-ahead distance for prefetch instructions to 4 cache lines
Interprocedural Analysis option: Do not remove arguments replaced by -Mipa=ptr,const
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
"-Munroll=m:n" instructs the compiler to unroll loops with multiple blocks 8 times where 8 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is given, then a default of 4 is used.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Generate profile-feedback instrumentation (PFI); this includes extra code to collect run-time statistics and dump them to a trace file for use in a subsequent compilation. PFI gathers information about a program's execution and data values but does not gather information from hardware performance counters. PFI does gather data for optimizations which are unique to profile-feedback optimization.
The indirect sub-option enables collection of indirect function call targets, which can be used for indirect function call inlining.
Enable profile-feedback optimizations including indirect function call inlining. This option requires a pgfi.out file generated from a binary built with -Mpfi=indirect.
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 64-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Generate zero-overhead C++ exception handlers.
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 32-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Generate zero-overhead C++ exception handlers.
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Generate profile-feedback instrumentation (PFI); this includes extra code to collect run-time statistics and dump them to a trace file for use in a subsequent compilation. PFI gathers information about a program's execution and data values but does not gather information from hardware performance counters. PFI does gather data for optimizations which are unique to profile-feedback optimization.
Enable profile-feedback optimizations.
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 6 levels where 6 is a supplied constant value. If no value is suppiled, then the default value of 2 is used. IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Link with the huge page runtime library and allocate a maximum of 150 huge pages where 150 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is supplied, then the maximum number of huge pages the application can use is limited by the number of huge pages the operating system has available or the value of the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. Note that setting PGI_HUGE_PAGES will override the value of 150.
Instructs the compiler that global or external pointers and arrays do not overlap or conflict with each other and are independent.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 32-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Chooses generally optimal flags for the target platform. As of the PGI 7.0 release, the flags "-fast" and "-fastsse" are equivlent for 64-bit compilations. For 32-bit compilations "-fast" does not include "-Mscalarsse", "-Mcache_align", or "-Mvect=sse".
Generate zero-overhead C++ exception handlers.
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of some intrinsic functions. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy. The default on an AMD system is "-Mfprelaxed=sqrt,rsqrt,order". The default on an Intel system is "-Mfprelaxed=rsqrt,sqrt,div,order"
Instructs the compiler to perform interprocedural analysis. Equivalant to -Mipa=align,arg,const,f90ptr,shape,globals,libc,localarg,ptr,pure.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Automatically determine which functions to inline, limit to 2 levels (default). IPA-based function inlining is performed from leaf routines upward.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Specifies the number of concurent IPA second pass compliation proccess that may be performed. This option speeds-up the compilation time on multi-core systems but does not perform any optimizations.
Adds a call to the routine "mallopt" in the main routine. This option can have a dramatic impact on the performance of programs that dynamically allocate memory, especially for those which have a few large mallocs. To be effective, this switch must be specified when compiling the file containing the Fortran, C, or C++ main routine.
Specify the type of the target processor as AMD64 Barcelona Processor 32-bit mode.
Staticily link with the PGI runtime libraries. System libraries may still be dynamically linked.
Link using MicroQuill's SmartHeap 8 (32-bit) library for Linux. Description from Microquill:
SmartHeap is a fast (3X-100X faster than compiler-supplied libraries), portable (Windows, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, IBM-AIX, Dec OSF Tru64, SGI Irix), reliable, ANSI-compliant malloc/operator new library. SmartHeap supports multiple memory pools, includes a fixed-size allocator, and is thread-safe. SmartHeap also includes comprehensive memory debugging APIs to detect leakage, overwrites, double-frees, wild pointers, out of memory, references to previously freed memory, and other memory errors.
Specifies a directory to search for libraries. Use -L to add directories to the search path for library files. Multiple -L options are valid. However, the position of multiple -L options is important relative to -l options supplied.
This section contains descriptions of flags that were included implicitly by other flags, but which do not have a permanent home at SPEC.
Level-two optimization (-O2 or -O) specifies global optimization. The -fast option generally will specify global optimization; however, the -fast switch will vary from release to release depending on a reasonable selection of switches for any one particular release. The -O or -O2 level performs all level-one local optimizations as well as global optimizations. Control flow analysis is applied and global registers are allocated for all functions and subroutines. Loop regions are given special consideration. This optimization level is a good choice when the program contains loops, the loops are short, and the structure of the code is regular.
The PGI compilers perform many different types of global optimizations, including but not limited to:
Level-one optimization specifies local optimization (-O1). The compiler performs scheduling of basic blocks as well as register allocation. This optimization level is a good choice when the code is very irregular; that is it contains many short statements containing IF statements and the program does not contain loops (DO or DO WHILE statements). For certain types of code, this optimization level may perform better than level-two (-O2) although this case rarely occurs.
The PGI compilers perform many different types of local optimizations, including but not limited to:
Instructs the compiler to completely unroll loops with a constant loop count of less than or equal to 1 where 1 is a supplied constant value. If no constant value is given, then a default of 4 is used.
Invokes the loop unroller.
Inline functions declared with the inline keyword.
Enable an optional post-pass instruction scheduling.
Enables loop-carried redundancy elimination, an optimization that can reduce the number of arithmetic operations and memory references in loops.
Eliminates operations that set up a true stack frame pointer for every function. With this option enabled, you cannot perform a traceback on the generated code and you cannot access local variables.
Instructs the vectorizer to search for vectorizable loops and, where possible, make use of SSE, SSE2, and prefetch instructions.
Enable automatic vector pipelining.
Instructs the vectorizer to enable certain associativity conversions that can change the results of a computations due to roundoff error. A typical optimization is to change an arithmetic operation to an arithmetic opteration that is mathmatically correct, but can be computationally different, due to round-off error.
Instructs the vectorizer to generate alternate code for vectorized loops when appropriate. For each vectorized loop the compiler decides whether to generate altcode and what type or types to generate, which may be any or all of:
The compiler also determines suitable loop count and array alignment conditions for executing the altcode.
Align "unconstrained" data objects of size greater than or equal to 16 bytes on cache-line boundaries. An "unconstrained" object is a variable or array that is not a member of an aggregate structure or common block, is not allocatable, and is not an automatic array. On by default on 64-bit Linux systems.
Set SSE to flush-to-zero mode; if a floating-point underflow occurs, the value is set to zero.
Treat denormalized numbers as zero. Included with "-fast" on Intel based systems. For AMD based systems, "-Mdaz" is not included by default with "-fast".
Use SSE/SSE2 instructions to perform scalar floating-point arithmetic on targets where these instructions are supported.
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of floating-point reciprocal square root (1/sqrt). Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy.
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of floating-point square root. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy.
Instructs the compiler to use relaxed precision in the calculation of floating-point division. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy.
Instructs the compiler to allow floating-point expression reordering, including factoring. Can result in improved performance at the expense of numerical accuracy.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Recognize when targets of pointer dummy are aligned.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Remove arguments replaced by -Mipa=ptr,const
Interprocedural Analysis option: Enable pointer disambiguation across procedure calls.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Enable interprocedural constant propagation.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Fortran 90/95 Pointer disambiguation across calls.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Perform Fortran 90 array shape propagation.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Optimize references to global values.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Used to optimize calls to certain functions in the system standard C library, libc.
Interprocedural Analysis option: -Mipa=arg plus externalizes local pointer targets.
Interprocedural Analysis option: Pure function detection.
The maximum number of huge pages an application is allowed to use can be set at run time via the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. If not set, then the process may use all available huge pages when compiled with "-Msmartalloc=huge" or a maximum of n pages where the value of n is set via the compile time flag "-Msmartalloc=huge:n."
Enable generation of prefetch instructions on processors where they are supported.
Instructs the C/C++ compiler to override data dependencies between pointers of a given storage class.
Linux Huge Page settings
In order to take full advantage of using PGI's huge page runtime library, your system must be configured to use huge pages. It is safe to run binaries compiled with "-Msmartalloc=huge" on systems not configured to use huge pages, however, you will not benefit from the performance improvements huge pages offer. To configure your system for huge pages perform the following steps:
Note that further information about huge pages may be found in your Linux documentation file: /usr/src/linux/Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt
PGI_HUGE_PAGES
The maximum number of huge pages an application is allowed to use can be set at run time via the environment variable PGI_HUGE_PAGES. If not set, then the process may use all available huge pages when compiled with "-Msmartalloc=huge" or a maximum of n pages where the value of n is set via the compile time flag "-Msmartalloc=huge:n.
Using numactl to bind processes and memory to cores
For multi-copy runs or single copy runs on systems with multiple sockets, it is advantageous to bind a process to a particular core. Otherwise, the OS may arbitrarily move your process from one core to another. This can effect performance. To help, SPEC allows the use of a "submit" command where users can specify a utility to use to bind processes. We have found the utility 'numactl' to be the best choice.
numactl runs processes with a specific NUMA scheduling or memory placement policy. The policy is set for a command and inherited by all of its children. The numactl flag "--physcpubind" specifies which core(s) to bind the process. "-l" instructs numactl to keep a process memory on the local node while "-m" specifies which node(s) to place a process memory. For full details on using numactl, please refer to your Linux documentation, 'man numactl'
Note that some versions of numactl, particularly the version found on SLES 10, we have found that the utility incorrectly interprets application arguments as it's own. For example, with the command "numactl --physcpubind=0 -l a.out -m a", numactl will interpret a.out's "-m" option as it's own "-m" option. To work around this problem, a user can put the command to be run in a shell script and then run the shell script using numactl. For example: "echo 'a.out -m a' > run.sh ; numactl --physcpubind=0 bash run.sh"
ulimit -s <n>
Sets the stack size to n kbytes, or unlimited to allow the stack size to grow without limit.
ulimit -l <n>
Sets the maximum size of memory that may be locked into physical memory.
NCPUS
Sets the maximum number of OpenMP parallel threads auto-parallelized (-Mconcur) applications may use.
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